عنوان پایان‌نامه
معرفی مطالعه و بررسی اشیای فلزی سرخ دم لری
- رشته تحصیلی
- باستان شناسی
- مقطع تحصیلی
- کارشناسی ارشد
- محل دفاع
- کتابخانه دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی شماره ثبت: ق5129;کتابخانه مرکزی -تالار اطلاع رسانی شماره ثبت: 38906
- تاریخ دفاع
- ۱۵ مهر ۱۳۸۷
- دانشجو
- مریم دلیران نیا
- استاد راهنما
- حسن طلائی مغانجوقی
- چکیده
- لرستان محل زندگی بازماندگان نژادهای گوناگون بوده است . اولین دسته ای که بر خاک لرستان به طور منظم و از روی ترتیب حکومت کردند ، ایلامیان بودند . ایلام در گذشته نام کشوری بود و از خوزستان ، لرستان و قسمتی از بختیاری درست شده بود و دولت ایلام را آنزان یا انشان سوسونکا می گفتند . در سال 1348 مک بورنی با بازدید از نقوش صخره ای میر ملاس و هومیان نخست این نقوش را به دوره مفرغ نسبت داد اما با بررسی های بیشتر قدمت آنها تا دوره پالئولتیک پیش رفت و نقوشی که در غارها کشیده شده قابل مقایسه با مفرغ های است که در لرستان بدست آمده شاید جنبه مذهبی داشته یا حرزی بوده است که همراه مردگان در گور قرار می دادند . که اینها ساخته قوم کاسی است . واژه کاسی در منابع و اسناد تاریخی به اشکال گوناگون نوشته شده و یکی از واژه ها کاشو است که گیرشمن معتقد است کاشو نام خدای بومیان قدیم لرستان بوده و واژ ه دیگر کاسی تیروس است که واژه ای یونانی به معنای قلع و آن را از سرزمین کاسی ها می آوردند . قدیمی ترین سندی که در مورد کاسی ها آمده متون مربوط به 2400 ق . م متعلق به زمان پوزورواینشوشیناک است . کاسی ها اقوامی مهاجر بودند که در هزاره سوم و چهارم ق . م در زاگرس اسکان یافتند و سرانجام بین النهرین را تصرف کردند و در سال 1600ق . م حکومت آنها از شمال و شرق لرستان تا اطراف همدان توسعه داشت و اینان قبل از مادها و پارس ها از ارتفاعات قفقاز و آذربایجان به جنوب غربی ایران روی آوردند ولی در ابتدا در مازندران سکونت داشتند و نام خود را بر دریا نهادند و آن را کاسپی گذاشتند و بعد از مهاجرت بتدریج در شهر های کاشان و قزوین نیز سکونت نمودند و نام خود را بر این دو شهر دادند . این قوم در ساختن اشیای مفرغی و تربیت اسب مهارت خاصی داشتند و طلایه دار فرهنگ و هنر بوده و مصنوعات آنها اکنون در کمتر موزه معروفی از دنیاست که بنمایش گذاشته نشده باشد . اشمیت در سال 1316 نخستین حفریات علمی در منطقه را به عهده گرفت . در سال 1343 برای نخستین بار توجه دانشمندان به سوی گونه شناسی مفرغ ها جلب شد و بنابراین ، به جای در نظر گرفتن مفرغ های لرستان در قالب یک مجموعه ، گونه ها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت . در سرخدم لری معبدی یافت شد که در میان درز سنگ های این ساختمان تعداد تعداد زیادی سنجاق های نذری و بت های کوچک و آیینه های نذری و ..... بدست آمد که تاریخ آنها بین 1200 – 1000 ق . م می باشد . عصر مفرغ زمانی آغاز شد که صنعتگران مفهوم آلیاژ را تجربه کرده و دوره مس را پشت سر نهاده بودند و مفرغ یعنی ترکیب قلع با مس است ، و بیشتراین اشیای مفرغی از گورستان ها بدست آمده اند . تمامی اشیای مفرغی که در لرستان بدست آمده بجز زیر سری ها که مخصوص لرستان است در نواحی مختلف یافت شده و تا حدودی شبیه به هم هستند .
- Abstract
- Lurestan has been the location of difrent races people . Allamian , the ferst group whe governel lurestan regularly . Ilam was the name of a civilization included Khuzestan ,lorestan and apart of bakhtiari . Ilams government was called Anzan (Anshan) . In 1346 Mac Burni in his visit to sto Abstract Lurestan has been the location of difrent races people . Allamian , the ferst group whe governel lurestan regularly . Ilam was the name of a civilization included Khuzestan ,lorestan and apart of bakhtiari . Ilams government was called Anzan (Anshan) . In 1346 Mac Burni in his visit to stone inscriptions in Mirmalas and Homian , Dated these inscriptions to ( Bell – metal ) period . But their antiquity dated bauk to late paleuthik with more researches . The drawn inscriptions in caves are comparable to lurestan (Bell – metal ) and perhaps have the religious aspect or were overhang which were buried with the died in their tumbs . These were kasis works . The word “ kasi “ has been written in different weys in historical refrences and document . One of these words in “ kashuai “ , Girshman believes that Kashmar was the god of lurestan residents . another word this “kasi tirus” an greek word means tin which was imported from kasi land. The oldest documents a bout kasi Arein texts abaut 2400 B.C for pozoru in shuishinak. The kasi were migrant people who lived in zagros in the third and fourth millionum and grabbed Mesopotamia.in 1600 B.C their teritori was scattered from north to the east of lorestan. They come to the sauth-west of iran via gafgaz mountains in Azarbayejan befor Mad and Pars. But they were living in Mazandaran at first and called it”Caspian” after their name. after their migration they live in Kashan ans Gazvin gradually and called these two cities afteh their names . they were skillfull in greating bell-metal Artifacts and horse breeding .they were Ensigns of culture and art. And their Artifacts are almost in all musumes of the word. Eshmit in 1316 was in charge of first excavations. In 1343 for the first time,the attention of all scolars was drown to bell-metal typology.there for,sted of lorestan bell-metals in a granp,the types were studied. A temple was found in surkh dum-i- luri and witin ston grooves of this buiding a larg amount of votive pins,small Idols and votive mirrors . were o btained dated to 1000-1200 B.C bell-metal priod was started when craftsmen experienced the meaning of alloy and passed the copper period . Bell-metal is a mixture of tin with copper. And most of these bell-metal Artifacts was obtaind from cemeteries. All obtaind bell- metal Artifacts except underheads which is special to lorestan,were found from diffent regions and were almost similar. ne inscriptions in Mirmalas and Homian , Dated these inscriptions to ( Bell – metal ) period . But their antiquity dated bauk to late paleuthik with more researches . The drawn inscriptions in caves are comparable to lurestan (Bell – metal ) and perhaps have the religious aspect or were overhang which were buried with the died in their tumbs . These were kasis works . The word “ kasi “ has been written in different weys in historical refrences and document . One of these words in “ kashuai “ , Girshman believes that Kashmar was the god of lurestan residents . another word this “kasi tirus” an greek word means tin which was imported from kasi land. The oldest documents a bout kasi Arein texts abaut 2400 B.C for pozoru in shuishinak. The kasi were migrant people who lived in zagros in the third and fourth millionum and grabbed Mesopotamia.in 1600 B.C their teritori was scattered from north to the east of lorestan. They come to the sauth-west of iran via gafgaz mountains in Azarbayejan befor Mad and Pars. But they were living in Mazandaran at first and called it”Caspian” after their name. after their migration they live in Kashan ans Gazvin gradually and called these two cities afteh their names . they were skillfull in greating bell-metal Artifacts and horse breeding .they were Ensigns of culture and art. And their Artifacts are almost in all musumes of the word. Eshmit in 1316 was in charge of first excavations. In 1343 for the first time,the attention of all scolars was drown to bell-metal typology.there for,sted of lorestan bell-metals in a granp,the types were studied. A temple was found in surkh dum-i- luri and witin ston grooves of this buiding a larg amount of votive pins,small Idols and votive mirrors . were o btained dated to 1000-1200 B.C bell-metal priod was started when craftsmen experienced the meaning of alloy and passed the copper period . Bell-metal is a mixture of tin with copper. And most of these bell-metal Artifacts was obtaind from cemeteries. All obtaind bell- metal Artifacts except underheads which is special to lorestan,were found from diffent regions and were almost similar.
