عنوان پایان‌نامه
آرایه تشبیه در شعر معاصر بانگرش به اشعار نیما یوشیج شفیعی کدکنی و هوشنگ ابتهاج
- رشته تحصیلی
- زبان و ادبیات فارسی
- مقطع تحصیلی
- کارشناسی ارشد
- محل دفاع
- کتابخانه مرکزی -تالار اطلاع رسانی شماره ثبت: 50154;کتابخانه دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی شماره ثبت: 89023
- تاریخ دفاع
- ۲۸ تیر ۱۳۹۰
- دانشجو
- مهری رزم جو
- استاد راهنما
- روح اله هادی
- چکیده
- تعریف تشبیه، معرفی ارکان و انواع آن با ذکر نمونه‌هایی به اختصار؛ در این مقاله مقدمه‌ای است برای ورود به مبحث اصلی آن. در متن اصلی پایان نامه، تلاش بر آن بوده است که تغییرات آرایه تشبیه را بیشتر از جهت دستوری و ساختاری، در شعر معاصر بررسی نماییم. حاصل چنین نگاهی به تشبیه این است که بیشترین تغییر در ارکان تشبیه مربوط می‌شود به «ادات تشبیه» که بسیاری از انواع آن کم کاربرد و حتی متروک شده‌اند. اصل ساده شدن زبانها در تغییر ساختار تشبیه بی‌تأثیر نبوده است. چنانکه این اصل کلی، از طرفی باعث افزایش شمار تشبیه بلیغ اضافی و نیز به کار گرفتن تشبیه‌های وصفی و تشبیه در یک کلمه – کلمه‌های مرکب – گردیده است و از طرف دیگر انواعی از تشبیه را که در ساختمان خود نیازمند به کارگیری کلمه‌های بیشتری هستند مانند تشبیه‌های عکس، مضمر و مشروط؛ از آثار ادبی معاصر محو کرده است. پیدایی و رواج شعر نیمایی هم امکان مناسبی برای شاعران در آفرینش تشبیه به گونه‌هایی دیگر بوده است و تلاش شده این امکانات جدید را با ذکر نمونه‌هایی از شعر معاصر نشان دهیم. مکمل این بحث بررسی ابهاماتی است در تشبیه با توجه به تعاریف بلاغت نویسان، از جمله آنها می‌توان به جایگاه منادا در تشبیه و نیز جمله‌های امر و نهی که مفهومی تشبیه گونه دارند؛ اشاره کرد.
- Abstract
- Me make many limiting in our everyday life or hear it in ohters' words. This shows that Iranians are very accustomed with simile which is the most applied and used, the most general and the most pleasing arrays from old times till the presort. Simi lies we us concciosly or unconsciously make are speech move tangible and objective. More over, the basis and origin of many of proverbs existing in our language are similes as for example 268 proverbs 9metal0 in a famous Book like (amthal and hikam) of (dehkhoda) begin with the Persian Word like a …., exactly like a … and seaside that there are many Simi lie for proverbs like one who says "that guy feels like a currant before becoming a sour grape. Or something has remained non-usable in the pocket like a false coin, or s/he is like a Sammir Beggar (Samirra- a poor city in Iran whose beggars have been fames for their insistence). Or ew may sleeping of the cops is exactly like a light and guide for the rubbers, If you were satified whit what you have, a piece of gold used like a stone withn other value for you. Sometimes Persian poets has made used of these proverbs in their similes within their piece poetry like: Saadi (19) You won't get any treasure if you take pain in vian (without thinking) became brawl is no vitu but good is. Saadi (125) I don't know any one in this who city who is not enchanted with your beauty/ no bazaar is so how like yours. Sa'ib (410) Don't stretch your feet then the rag that you have sit ten on it (a proverb for: Don't over estimate your power or authorities and permissions) Became those who are at the hillside if the fall the damager that may threat them is less or then if those at the top fall. Even we see it in contemporary poetry: Siahmashg (Scribble) 3/5 I have fallen from the roof to become like the soil of the House entrance's doorway and I have become like the shadow of sun in mid-day. Probably the most extravagant and exaggerated type of Simi lie have created the myths and extra-on word which is so excessive for the concept of having an ugly face and / ru'i:n thani:/ I the likened-on and compared word u so exaggerated for the concept of the natural improvemer and physical bodily wounds, Simorgh (30 birds) and be the word used to covey the concept being in aden world and inspiring dream of storage worlds. That is for some speaking birds which even how people don't know whether they say the word as an imitation or pronounce them intelligently. The application of simile is not exclusive to the magic of speech that is eloquent literary poetr or prose and it is used for other type, of art too. For example, many of the cartoon and caricature have been drawn according to a famous simile: Aside from these popular uses/ in the area of Persian literature we cannot find any book of poetr without Simi lie and we omit Simi lie from great Persian literary works one dare say all leadin lines and all pleasant illustrations in the literature have been omitted also-with the usage of Simi lie the enchanting qazaliyyat (lyric poseurs) of Hafiz had no similarity to our present feelings an can't predict our situations. And can't predict of Simi lies from Mowlawi's lyrics that is after the omission of subrrahend, add ion and equalization there shall remain nothing. If we look at simil from the view point of stylolgoy and literary criticism, we'll find that it is only after examination of simile in the work on one poet or writer that we can grasp his/her individual exclusive style and –with a closer contemplation-search for his personating, thoughts and concerns in the basi elements of his Simi lies and comparisons. Along with this much usage, effectiveness and influence we see the most cases and rate structural, linguistic, conceptual change and development if compared with other literary array; in simile alone. And if we are to compare the style development of different periods of Farsi poetry, to study simile in the poetry of each period will have so much contribution in our research. Is some books on study of arrays stylology and criticism and even to an even to an extent history of Iranian literature mentioned has been made to the evolution of simile in farina poetry during previous periods but to examine the proven of this development in a fundamental and comprehensive way shall produce some miraculous and gorgeous results. In the present article, attempt has been made so that after a brief preliminary introduction of Simi lie and its types and types and purposes of Simi lie, the structural development of Simi lie in the contemporary portly be examined with and approach to Nima (yushij), Dr. shafeie Kadkani and Hooshang Entrechat's poetries. There were different reasons for the selection of those poets from among contemporar poets the poetical language of Nima yushij is so simple and near to the most natural way of sentence stricture that there is no room for simile in his poet like other arrays but Nima by promoting new cast has provided some capabilities for Persian poetry that have formed a new shape for simile-although Nima himself has not used this capacities of new-poetry (white-poetry) to mak some Simi lies with new structures, but his innovation is a back-pack for talented and intelliger poets after him, and we will consider these capacities of new cast and word of Nimaian poetry a separate and detailed section. However in the poetry of Houshang Ebtehaj (H.A. Sayeh), the likened –to (mashabahun beh) and the likening concept have been selceted so deliberately and arrays like mixed with other congruity (which has a loop in simile) and ambulation coacher with Allegory and metaphor the has made his poetry a new and magical land which is far from our hands. The characteristics of Simi lie in the poetry of Dr. Shafie Kadkani which cause one to love hig poetry are so many, including inter alia, variety of Simi lie bases, observing new likened- to preserving 3 bases of simile in one poem and change of the other basis (usually the likened-to the reason/ cause for Likening). The making of compound words which are used for likening, the using so deliberately of the structure of new white poetry and the formation of some Simi lies with the repletion of their grammatical and syntax role or some parenthetical sentence, to each of them we will atten separately oiting sone examples of which, it is hoped that my generous professor look at me work with a view to forgive the shortcomings. And my enjoyment of his guidance shall be my biggest memory on which I take proud.
