عنوان پایان‌نامه
محرمات موبد نکاح در فقه اسلامی و حقوق مدنی عراق
- رشته تحصیلی
- فقه شافعی
- مقطع تحصیلی
- کارشناسی ارشد
- محل دفاع
- کتابخانه دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی شماره ثبت: 2359ف;کتابخانه مرکزی -تالار اطلاع رسانی شماره ثبت: 69543;کتابخانه دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی شماره ثبت: 2359ف;کتابخانه مرکزی -تالار اطلاع رسانی شماره ثبت: 69543
- تاریخ دفاع
- ۱۶ تیر ۱۳۹۴
- دانشجو
- ادیـبه کریم
- استاد راهنما
- جلیل امیدی
- چکیده
- از نظر فقه و قوانین کشورهای اسلامی ازدواج صحیح، تنها راه مشروعیت بخشیدن به روابط زن و مرد است. صحت ازدواج خود منوط به وجود ارکان و مشروط به شروط مخصوصی‌است یکی از شروط مهم در این زمینه این است که میان زن و مرد مانعی به نام حرمت نکاح وجود نداشته باشد. در فقه و حقوق اسلامی از زنانی که شرعا نمی توان با آنان ازدواج کرد به«محرمات نکاح» تعبیر می شود. محرمات نکاح خود به دو قسمت مؤبد و موقت تقسیم می‌شوند. تحریم مؤبد مشتمل بر مواردی است که زن و مرد برای همیشه از ازدواج با یکدیگر منع شده اند و ازدواج آنان با یکدیگر در هر حال حرام و مستوجب مجازات دنیوی و عقوبت اخروی است. تحریم مؤبد از حیث اسباب ناشی از نسب است، و یا محصول مصاهرت یا رضاع، یا لعان یا که مجموعا سبب حرمت ازدواج با مادر، جده، دختر، دختر دختر، دختر پسر، خواهر، دختر خواهر و دختر برادر، عمه و خاله خود و ابوین، مادر زن، دختر زن، زن پدر، زن پسر، و زن پسر پسر، و زوجه لعان شده می گردد. فقهای امامیه اسباب دیگری را هم موجب حرمت ابدی می دانند، از نظر آنان ازدواج یا زنا با زن شوهردار یا معتده یا زنی که به سن بلوغ نرسیده باشد، لواط و طلاق نهم نیز موجب حرمت ابدی است. یعنی مردی که با زن متزوجه یا معتده ازدواج یا زنا کرده و یا زوجه شرعیه خود را به طلاق نهم مطلقه کرده هیچ گاه نمی تواند با چنین زنانی ازدواج کند. همچنانکه نمی تواند با مادر یا خواهر و دختر کسی که با وی لواط کرده ازدواج کند. در حقوق عراق مقررات راجع به ازدواج و ارکان و شروط و موانع آن عمدتا در قانون احوال شخصیه مصوب 1959 مطرح شده است. قانون مذکور در ماده 3 در مقام تعریف مقرر داشته است، که ازدواج عقدی است میان زن و مردی که شرعا نکاح آنان جایز باشد و هدف از آن تشکیل زندگی مشترک و تولید نسل است. همین قانون مواد12 تا 18 خود را به بیان مقررات ناظر به محرمات نکاح، اسباب و موارد آنها به طور کلی اختصاص داده است. از آنجا ذکر جزئیات و تفاصیل مسائل در قانون غیر مقدور و جزئیات مزبور در منابع فقهی مقرر بوده است قانون مورد بحث در بند دوم از ماده «1» در یک بیان کلی تصریح کرده است که هر جا مقرٌره قانونی صریحی برای حکومت بر وقایع وجود نداشته باشد بر اساس اصول و قواعد شرع اسلام که هماهنگی بیشتری با احکام این قانون داشته باشند عمل می شود. در مجموع می توان گفت که اگر از انفردات امامیه بگذریم مفهوم اسباب و موارد محرمات مؤبد در فقه اسلامی از امور مورد اتفاق اند آنچه در حقوق عراق نیز آمده است مفاداٌ متخذ از فقه اسلامی و منطبق بر احکام مقرًر در منابع فقهی اهل سنت است.
- Abstract
- From the perspective of Jurisprudence and laws of Islamic countries true Marriage is the only way to legitimize the relations between men and women. A legal marriage is entrusted by the presence of pillars and subject to sum special condition ,one of the important provisions in this regard is that there must be no marriage abstract or Prohibition between man and woman. According to Islamic Jurisprudence and rights , those women whom men can legally marry are called or interpreted as “Marriage Prohibition ”or “unlawful marriage ” Marriage Prohibition is divided into everlasting and temporary types. The everlasting Prohibition include all the cases in which men and women are forbidden from marriage and if that happens they had committed unlawful (Haram) and they will be punished in this world and in the hereafter. The everlasting Prohibition is either due to some reasons or from parentage cases ,or it may be (Marriage Prohibition) of a daughter – in –law from her father -in –law. Or due to suckling or in the case of accusing ones owns wife for adultery and denying children. That in all for bids a person to marry his mother, grandmother, daughter, granddaughter, sons daughter, sister, nice, aunt, mother-in-law, wife daughter, step mother, daughter in-law, grandsons wife, as well as a woman whose husband has accused her for adultery. According to jurisprudence of the doctrine of Imamya*, there are some other reasons for permanent Prohibition; from their perspective marriage or adultery with a wife of another man or with a woman in jddah, or a lady who hasnot matured textually , are all causes for everlasting Marriage Prohibition. Also the act of sodomy with another man and the nines divorce are other reasons for everlasting Prohibition . i.e. a man who has married a woman in Iddah or another mans wife or has committed adultery with or in the case he has divorces his own Wife for the nines time , the man will never bee able to marry such a woman. He also cannot marry the mother or sister of a man with whom he had sodomy. In Iraqi law provisions relating to marriage, its pillars , conditions and obstacles have been proposed manly in the personal status law of 1959. As defined in article 3 of the mentioned law . in stipulates that marriage is the contract between a man and a woman who are legally permitted to marry and their aim is to established a joint and a common life as well as reproduction of new offspring. In the same law articles 12to18 have been specialized to the laws , regulations and causes of Marriage Prohibition. Since statin all details and particularity of all issues in law is impossible and also the details are aforementioned in the resources of Islamic Jurisprudence , the mentioned law in the second material , article (1) has stated in a general or role to judge events so based on principles of Islamic Jurisprudence and laws the have more coordination and accommodation with the mentioned roles , the issues is judge in the nutshell , wan can say if we put aside the details of Imamya doctrine the concept of reasons and cases of everlasting prohibition in Islamic Jurisprudence about the issues can be happening . All the roles of Iraqi law and rights derived from Islamic Jurisprudence and in accordance with the laws and provisions of the sunni doctrine sources. Key words - marriage - marriage prohibitions - everlasting prohibitions - Islamic Jurisprudence - Iraqi Rights - Iraq personal status laws. Jurisprudence and laws of Islamic countries true Marriage is the only way to legitimize the relations between men and women. A legal marriage is entrusted by the presence of pillars and subject to sum special condition ,one of the important provisions in this regard is that there must be no marriage abstract or Prohibition between man and woman. According to Islamic Jurisprudence and rights , those women whom men can legally marry are called or interpreted as “Marriage Prohibition ”or “unlawful marriage ” Marriage Prohibition is divided into everlasting and temporary types. The everlasting Prohibition include all the cases in which men and women are forbidden from marriage and if that happens they had committed unlawful (Haram) and they will be punished in this world and in the hereafter. The everlasting Prohibition is either due to some reasons or from parentage cases ,or it may be (Marriage Prohibition) of a daughter – in –law from her father -in –law. Or due to suckling or in the case of accusing ones owns wife for adultery and denying children. That in all for bids a person to marry his mother, grandmother, daughter, granddaughter, sons daughter, sister, nice, aunt, mother-in-law, wife daughter, step mother, daughter in-law, grandsons wife, as well as a woman whose husband has accused her for adultery. According to jurisprudence of the doctrine of Imamya*, there are some other reasons for permanent Prohibition; from their perspective marriage or adultery with a wife of another man or with a woman in jddah, or a lady who hasnot matured textually , are all causes for everlasting Marriage Prohibition. Also the act of sodomy with another man and the nines divorce are other reasons for everlasting Prohibition . i.e. a man who has married a woman in Iddah or another mans wife or has committed adultery with or in the case he has divorces his own Wife for the nines time , the man will never bee able to marry
