عنوان پایان‌نامه
فقر در زنان اسپانیولی تبار: ۲۰۱۰- ۲۰۰۵ .
- دانشجو
- الهام حمیدی
- استاد راهنما
- حشمت السادات معینی فر
- رشته تحصیلی
- مطالعات آمریکای شمالی
- مقطع تحصیلی
- کارشناسی ارشد
- محل دفاع
- کتابخانه مرکزی -تالار اطلاع رسانی شماره ثبت: 60551;کتابخانه دانشکده مطالعات جهان شماره ثبت: US27 27 1390
- تاریخ دفاع
- ۳۰ شهریور ۱۳۹۰
- چکیده
- فقر مشکل شایع و گسترده ای است که نه تنها گریبانگیر ملت های فقیر می شود بلکه کشورهای دیگری نیز مانند ایالات متحده آمریکا را درگیر می کند. در تاریخ آمریکا، زنان و اقلیت های نژادی همواره با فقر دست و پنجه نرم می کردند. در این پایان نامه به موضوع فقر در میان زنان هیسپانیک در آمریکا در بین سالهای 2010 - 2005 پرداخته می شود و عوامل موثر بر فقر زنان هیسپانیک در بین این سالها بررسی می شود. در واقع سوال اصلی این پایان نامه پیدا کردن عوامل منجر شونده به فقر در میان زنان هیسپانیک در این سالهاست. یافته ها نشان می دهد که زنان هیسپانیک در مقایسه با زنان و مردان سایر نژادها و همچنین در مقایسه با مردان هم گروه خود از دستمزد پایین تری بر خوردارند. دراین پایان نامه با استفاده از تئوری ساختاری فقر و همچنین تئوری فردی فقر توضیح داده می شود که علت فقر زنان هیسپانیک ناشی از عوامل ساختاری و همچنین فردی در آمریکا است. در این پایان نامه از روش اسنادی برای جمع آوری داده استفاده شده است.
- Abstract
- Poverty is one of the widespread social problems not inflicting poor nations but also a country like United States of America. In fact, poverty in the United States of America is a persistent problem and during history Americans especially racial minorities, women and children were always dealing with poverty. The thesis investigates poverty among Hispanic women between 2005- 2010. The research question is what elements contribute to higher poverty rates among Hispanic women between 2005- 2010. Hispanic women have always been economically disadvantaged because of their race and also their gender. In fact, they suffer from being a racial minority and also being female. Hispanic women receive the lowest amount of earning compared to men and women of other racial and ethnic groups and also Hispanic men. Part of their low earning is due to the fact that they are mothers like women of other racial groups and also Whites and they take a leave for childcare and motherhood responsibilities. Moreover, they have lower median age compared to other women and thus they have lower work experience. In fact, lower work experience of Hispanic women reduces their earning. In addition, the fertility of Hispanic women is very high and it makes them to be focused more on their motherhood activities than their job responsibilities more than any other women. Also, Hispanic women have earlier marriage and marry earlier compared to other women which causes them to be involved in housekeeping and motherhood activities sooner than other women. Thus, they invest on their education or their job responsibilities like job trainings less than other women. Therefore, they have less work experience and have low earning. Generally, higher fertility rate and also early marriage of Hispanic women are rooted in structural institutions of Catholicism because Catholicism advocated gendered- roles. Moreover, the educational level of Hispanic women is very low. Most of them are high school drop- outs mostly due to lack of English fluency. In addition Hispanics tend to concentrate in low- quality very large schools. Educational assistance to Hispanics is also very low. Another factor which affects the economic status of Hispanic women is their type of occupation which they are concentrated. Hispanic women are concentrated in service sectors, eating, lodging and drinking sectors which are low- paying occupations. Also, the type of occupation of Hispanic men was a determinant factor in the worsening of the economic condition of Hispanic families including Hispanic women during 2007 recession. As construction sector where Hispanic men are most concentrated in was the sector which had the biggest lay- offs, Hispanic families were hit hardest because due to assorative mating Hispanic men tend to marry Hispanic women and therefore, Hispanic women were also hit hardest by the job loss of Hispanic men. Furthermore, Hispanic women in service sectors had also lost their employment hugely. In fact, the 2007 recession has also affected Hispanics a lot. Because minorities among them Hispanics borrowed large amounts of mortgage loans and were unable to pay their debts.
